Vietnam is considering changes to its long-standing two-child policy as birth rates drop, raising concerns about an aging population and future labor shortages.
The health ministry is discussing allowing couples to choose how many children they have without restrictions.
Government data shows that in 2024, the country’s fertility rate fell to 1.91 children per woman—one of the lowest in Southeast Asia. Experts warn that this is below the level needed to maintain a stable population. Some areas have been affected more than others, with Ho Chi Minh City reporting the lowest birth rate at 1.39, while Ha Giang province recorded 2.69.
Deputy Health Minister Nguyen Thi Lien Huong stated that the government must act quickly to prevent further decline. Plans may include removing penalties for larger families and providing financial support to encourage more births.
Vietnam’s birth rate remained steady from 1999 to 2022 but has dropped in recent years. If the trend continues, the country could see the end of its golden population period by 2039.
The two-child policy was first introduced in the 1960s to manage population growth. It was scrapped in 2003 but reinstated in 2008. Now, with economic challenges and shifting cultural values making parenthood less appealing, Vietnam is joining other Asian nations struggling with low birth rates.
Countries like South Korea, Japan, and China have also faced similar issues. Women in these nations often cite high living costs, career challenges, and the heavy burden of childcare as reasons for having fewer children. Despite government efforts to reverse the trend, birth rates continue to fall across the region.