South Korea’s Supreme Court has dismissed a lawsuit filed by American musician Jonathan Wright, also known as Johnny Only, who accused children’s media company Pinkfong of copying his version of Baby Shark.
Wright had sought 30 million won ($21,600) in damages, but the court ruled against him, ending a six-year legal battle.
The court upheld earlier rulings from 2021 and 2023, concluding that Wright’s 2011 version was not distinct enough from the traditional campfire tune on which it was based to qualify for copyright protection.
Judges also noted that Pinkfong’s 2015 release showed differences from Wright’s work and could not be considered an infringement.
According to the Supreme Court, the decision reinforces the principle that derivative works of folk songs cannot be granted protection unless they contain clear and substantial originality.
Wright’s legal team expressed disappointment but accepted that the dispute has now reached its conclusion.
Pinkfong welcomed the ruling, stating that its rendition was drawn from a public-domain chant and given new life through an energetic beat and child-friendly presentation.
The company’s 2015 Baby Shark Dance video went on to become a viral sensation, accumulating over 16 billion views on YouTube and even charting on the Billboard Hot 100.
The brand has since grown into a global franchise, with characters expanded into television shows, movies, mobile applications, and live tours.
Pinkfong reported 45.1 billion won ($32.6 million) in revenue in the first half of 2025, underscoring the enduring success of the Baby Shark phenomenon.